Mahimman sigogi da ƙa'idodin gwaji na Na'urorin Kare Surge (SPDs)

Na'urar Kariya Mai Karfi (SPD): Na'ura ce da ake amfani da ita don iyakance ƙarfin lantarki na ɗan lokaci da kuma karkatar da kwararar hazo. Ana amfani da SPDs a cikin tsarin rarraba ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki da tsarin bayanai don karewa daga ƙarfin lantarki na walƙiya, canjin ƙarfin lantarki, bugun lantarki na walƙiya (LEMP), da bugun tsangwama na lantarki (EMI). Don kariyar gefe mai ƙarfi daga irin waɗannan ƙarfin lantarki, ana amfani da masu ɗaure wutar lantarki maimakon haka.

I. Mahimman Sigogi na Na'urorin Kariya na Surge (SPDs)

1. Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki Mai Ci Gaba (Uc): Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na tushen-matsakaicin murabba'i (RMS) ko DC wanda za a iya ci gaba da amfani da shi a yanayin kariya na SPD. Wannan ainihin shine ƙimar ƙarfin lantarki na SPD. Ƙimar Uc tana shafar tsawon rayuwar SPD da matakin kariyar ƙarfin lantarki. Zaɓin ƙimar Uc mafi girma na iya tsawaita rayuwar sabis na samfurin amma kuma zai ƙara ƙarfin lantarki da ya rage, wanda hakan yana cutar da kayan aikin da aka kare.

2. Nau'in Wutar Fitar da Ruwa (A): Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na raƙuman ruwa na 8/20μs wanda SPD zai iya jurewa. Ana amfani da wannan siga don gwaje-gwajen Aji na II kuma yana aiki azaman ma'aunin kafin gwaji na Aji na I da II. Ka'idojin SPD suna bayyana jerin ƙimar In, kuma masana'antun suna zaɓar matakin In da ya dace don gwaji. Da zarar SPD ta ci gwajin, ƙimar In ɗinsa za a sanya ta a hukumance a matsayin matakin da aka zaɓa.

3. Matsakaicin Wutar Fitar da Ruwa (Imax) a Gwaje-gwajen Aji na II: Kololuwar wutar lantarki ta raƙuman lantarki na 8/20μs wanda SPD zai iya sarrafawa. Duk da cewa ma'anar ta yi kama da In, ƙa'idodin SPD suna ba da jerin daban-daban don In da Imax, tare da Imax > In don aji ɗaya. Cire gwaji a matakin In da aka bayar ba ya tabbatar da cewa SPD zai wuce a matakin Imax da ya dace ba, saboda yanayin gwajin (girman halin yanzu da adadin bugun zuciya) ya bambanta.

4. Tushen Wutar Lantarki (Iimp): Ikon SPD na jure wa raƙuman walƙiya mai ƙarfin 10/350μs, wanda aka siffanta shi da sigogi biyu: ƙarfin kololuwa (Ipeak) da caji (Q). Ana amfani da wannan siga don gwaje-gwajen Aji na I.

5. Matakin Kariyar Wutar Lantarki (Sama): Wannan kuma an san shi da ragowar ƙarfin lantarki, yana nufin ƙarfin lantarki a fadin SPD lokacin da takamaiman nau'in wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi ke ratsawa ta cikinsa bayan kunnawa. Sama dole ne ya zama ƙasa da ƙarfin juriya na kayan aikin da aka kare. GB50343-2012 *Lambar Fasaha don Kariyar Walƙiya na Gina Tsarin Bayanai na Lantarki* tana ƙayyade matakan ƙarfin lantarki mai juriya na matsin lamba don matakai daban-daban na tsarin rarraba ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki. Ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai juriya na kayan aiki (Uw), wanda masana'anta suka bayar, yana nuna ikon rufinsa akan ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa. Saboda haka, zaɓin SPD dole ne ya tabbatar da Sama

II. Gwaje-gwaje Masu Dacewa Don Na'urorin Kariya Masu Tasowa (SPDs)

Sassan da ke sama sun ambaci jarabawar Aji na I da Aji na II. Ga hanyoyin gwaji a ƙasa:
1. Gwaji na Aji na I: Ana gudanar da shi ta amfani da hasken fitarwa na musamman (In), ƙarfin lantarki na 1.2/50μs, da kuma matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki na Iimp (10/350μs walƙiyar ...
2. Gwaji na Aji na II: Ana gudanar da shi ta amfani da hasken fitarwa na musamman (In), ƙarfin lantarki na 1.2/50μs, da kuma matsakaicin hasken fitarwa Imax (8/20μs na yanzu).
3. Gwaji na Aji na Uku: Ana gudanar da shi ta amfani da haɗakar raƙuman ruwa, wanda aka ayyana a matsayin ƙarfin lantarki na 1.2/50μs (Uoc) da kuma wutar lantarki ta gajeren zango ta 8/20μs (Isc) da aka samar ta hanyar janareta haɗakar raƙuman ruwa ta 2Ω.

Waɗannan nau'ikan gwaje-gwaje ba su da tsari iri ɗaya don haka ba za a iya kwatanta su kai tsaye ba. Masu kera na iya zaɓar kowane aji na gwaji don tabbatarwa. Duk da haka, a cikin ƙirar lantarki na gini, zaɓin SPDs da aka gwada a ƙarƙashin Aji na I ko Aji na II dole ne ya bi:

IEC 61024: Ya shafi kariyar lafiyar mutane daga afkawar walƙiya a gine-gine, wanda ya shafi zaɓin matakan kariya na tsarin kariyar walƙiya (LPS).

IEC 61312: Yana magance kariya daga bugun lantarki na walƙiya (LEMP), gami da buƙatun kariyar gini, ƙasa, da haɗin kayan aiki.

IEC 62305: Yana bayar da jagororin tsara tsarin kare walƙiya, yana haɗa ƙa'idodi da buƙatun kariya daga walƙiya gaba ɗaya.