Kariyar Walƙiya ta Cikin Gida da Na'urorin Hawan Jini: Menene Bambancin?

1. Alaƙa Tsakanin Kariyar Walƙiya ta Ciki da Kariyar Kariya

Kariyar Walƙiya ta Ciki (LPS ta Ciki):

Wannan wani ɓangare ne na tsarin kariyar walƙiya. Ya haɗa da haɗa kayan aiki don ware walƙiya da/ko keɓancewa daga tsarin kariyar walƙiya na waje.

Matakan Kariya daga Ƙaruwa (SPM):

Waɗannan matakai ne da aka ɗauka don kare tsarin ciki daga bugun lantarki na walƙiya (LEMP). SPM kuma wani ɓangare ne na tsarin kare walƙiya gaba ɗaya.

A cewar Hoto na 1 a cikin GB/T 21714.1, cikakken kariyar walƙiya ya haɗa da Tsarin Kariyar Walƙiya (LPS) da Matakan Kariyar Surge (SPM). Kariyar Surge (SPM) an rufe ta a cikin GB/T 21714.4, yayin da kariyar walƙiya ta ciki wani ɓangare ne na LPS (wanda ya haɗa da sassan waje da na ciki), kuma an bayyana ta a cikin GB/T 21714.3.

Siffa ta 1 - Alaƙa Tsakanin Sassan GB/T 21714

2. Asalin Kariyar Walƙiya ta Cikin Gida da kuma Kariyar Kariya

2.1 IEC 1024-1:1990

A cikin IEC 1024-1:1990, "Kare Tsarin daga Walƙiya - Sashe na 1: Ka'idoji na Gabaɗaya", sashe na 1.2.7 ya bayyana Kariyar Walƙiya ta Cikin Gida a matsayin duk ƙarin matakan da suka wuce tsarin kariyar walƙiya ta waje. Waɗannan matakan suna taimakawa rage tasirin lantarki na kwararar walƙiya a cikin sararin da aka kare. Don haka, bisa ga IEC 1024-1:1990, LPS na ciki ya haɗa da duk wani abu banda LPS na waje - wanda kuma ya shafi kariya daga bugun lantarki (LEMP).

2.2 IEC 62305-1:2006

A lokacin IEC 62305-1:2006, "Kariya daga walƙiya - Kashi na 1: Ka'idoji na Gabaɗaya" (bugu na 1), ma'anonin sun zama takamaiman:

3.42 Tsarin Kare Walƙiya na Cikin Gida (LPS): Wani ɓangare na LPS wanda ya ƙunshi haɗin kayan aiki da/ko warewar lantarki daga LPS na waje. 3.49 Tsarin Ma'aunin Kariya na LEMP (LPMS): Cikakken tsarin ma'auni don kare tsarin ciki daga bugun lantarki na walƙiya (LEMP).

Jerin IEC 62305-1 zuwa 4:2006 ya maye gurbin ƙa'idodin da suka gabata, inda ya haɗa takardu da yawa na IEC TC81. Ya raba tsohon ma'anar LPS na ciki daga IEC 1024 zuwa sassa biyu: LPS na ciki da LPMS (don kariyar LEMP). A cikin IEC 62305-1:2024, an sake wa LPMS suna zuwa Tsarin Kariya na Surge (SPM).

Matakan Kariyar Walƙiya 3 na Cikin Gida

Kariyar walƙiya ta ciki tana da mahimmanci ga tsarin kariyar walƙiya mai aiki yadda ya kamata. Idan babu kariyar ciki a wurin, kwararar walƙiya da ke gudana ta cikin LPS na waje ko wasu sassan ginin na iya haifar da tartsatsin wuta masu haɗari. Waɗannan tartsatsin wuta na iya haifar da gobara, rauni ga mutum, ko lalacewar kayayyakin more rayuwa. Baya ga bambance-bambance a nisan rabuwa, kariyar ciki iri ɗaya ce a duk matakan kariyar walƙiya. Tartsatsin wuta na iya faruwa tsakanin LPS na waje da waɗannan abubuwan: Shigar da ƙarfe, Tsarin ciki na ginin, Sassan mai sarrafa wutar lantarki na waje ko bututun mai da aka haɗa da ginin da aka kare.

A bisa ƙa'idodi, tartsatsin da ke faruwa a wuraren da za su iya fashewa a cikin ginin koyaushe ana ɗaukarsu da haɗari. Don hana tartsatsin wuta, ya kamata a yi amfani da ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan hanyoyin: Haɗin kayan aiki, ko; Rufe wutar lantarki tsakanin sassan ƙarfe.

Ma'aunin haɗin kai (duba Hoto na 2) sun haɗa da waɗannan:

Masu haɗa na'urorin lantarki, waɗanda ake amfani da su lokacin da haɗin lantarki na halitta ba ya samar da ci gaba da wutar lantarki, misali, ta hanyar haɗawa kai tsaye zuwa bututun ruwa ko dumama;

Na'urorin Kariya na Surge (SPD), waɗanda ake amfani da su lokacin da haɗin kai tsaye ba zai yiwu ba, misali, ga layukan ƙarancin wutar lantarki; kuma

Rabe-raben walƙiya da aka keɓe (ISG), ana amfani da su lokacin da ba a yarda da masu haɗa na'urori ba, misali, don bututun kariya na cathodic ko bututun iskar gas.

Hoto na 2

Haɗin kayan aiki don Kariyar walƙiya yana da halaye masu zuwa dangane da nau'ikan LPS na waje daban-daban:

LPS da aka keɓe: Ana yin haɗin gwiwa ne kawai a matakin ƙasa;

LPS da aka haɗa: Ya kamata a yi haɗin a:

(1) Ginshiki ko matakin ƙasa, da kuma;

(2) Duk wani wuri da ba a samu isasshen rufin da za a iya rufewa ko rabuwa ba.

LPS mai rufi da wutar lantarki: Baya ga haɗin matakin ƙasa, ana iya yin haɗin a tsarin dakatar da iska ko kuma masu sarrafa ƙasa.

Matakan Kariya guda 4

SPM na asali ya haɗa da waɗannan abubuwan:

(1) Tsarin ƙasa da haɗin kai

Tsarin ƙasa yana gudanar da kuma watsar da kwararar walƙiya cikin ƙasa lafiya.

Cibiyar haɗin gwiwa tana rage bambance-bambancen da ke akwai kuma tana rage tasirin filin maganadisu.

(2) Kariyar lantarki da kuma ingantaccen wayoyi

Kariyar sarari tana rage filayen maganadisu a cikin LPZ wanda walƙiya kai tsaye ko bugun kusa da ginin ke haifarwa, kuma tana taimakawa rage yawan kwararar ruwa a cikin ciki.

Kare kebul na ciki da kebul ko bututun kariya yana rage yawan kwararar iska da ke haifarwa.

Tsarin wayoyi na ciki mai kyau yana taimakawa wajen rage madaukai na induction da kuma rage yawan kwararar ruwa a cikin ginin. Kare layukan waje a wurin shiga ginin kuma yana rage yawan kwararar ruwa da ake yi a cikin tsarin ciki.

(3) Tsarin SPD mai tsari

Tsarin SPD mai tsari yana iyakance tasirin duka hauhawar waje da na ciki.

(4) Hanyoyin keɓancewa

Ma'amalar keɓewa tana rage tasirin hauhawar da aka gudanar akan layukan da ke shiga LPZ.

Dole ne a tabbatar da haɗin ƙasa da kayan aiki koyaushe, musamman a wuraren shiga gini - ko dai ta hanyar haɗi kai tsaye ko ta hanyar haɗa kowace sabis na sarrafa wutar lantarki zuwa SPD a matsayin wani ɓangare na haɗin kayan aiki.

(5) Amfani da Tsarin Gargaɗi na Tsawa (TWS)

Sashe na 7.1 na IEC 62305-1:2024 ya bayyana cewa kunna TWS bisa ga IEC 62793 na iya zama matakin kariya ta hanyar katse ayyukan waje, yana taimakawa rage yawan lalacewar tsarin lantarki da na lantarki.

5 Kammalawa

Matakan tsarin ciki suna da nufin hana tartsatsin wuta mai haɗari, gami da haɗin kayan walƙiya da SPD na matakin farko. Kariyar ƙaruwar ruwa galibi tana magance hauhawar da ke shafar tsarin ciki, kuma SPDs da aka yi amfani da su don wannan dalili dole ne a haɗa su da SPD na matakin farko, amma ba su haɗa da matakin farko ba SPD kanta.