Yadda Ake Zaɓi Na'urar Kariya Mai Sauri (SPD) Da Daidai

Yadda Ake Zaɓi Na'urar Kariya Mai Sauri (SPD) Da Daidai

I. Ka'idojin Zaɓin Babban

1. Zaɓi Nau'in SPD Dangane da Matsayin Kariya

• Aji na I SPD (Gwajin Nau'i na 1): An sanya shi a babban ƙofar rarrabawa don jure wa walƙiya kai tsaye ko ta haifar da walƙiya (hawan fitarwa ≥12.5kA, ana ba da shawarar 25kA ~ 100kA). Yi amfani da haɗin SPDs (haɗin GDT + MOV) wanda ke nuna babu wutar lantarki mai biyo baya da ƙarancin wutar lantarki da ke ragewa.
• Aji na II SPD (Gwajin Nau'i na 2): Ana amfani da shi a cikin ƙananan allunan rarrabawa ko gaban ɗakin kayan aiki don iyakance yawan ƙarfin lantarki da aka haifar (ƙarfin fitarwa 20kA ~ 40kA). Mov masu iyakance ƙarfin lantarki tare da ragowar ƙarfin lantarki ≤1.5kV sune al'ada.
• Aji na III SPD (Gwajin Nau'i na 3): An sanya shi kusa da kayan aiki na tashar (misali, sabar, maɓallan) don kare na'urori masu mahimmanci (fitar da wutar lantarki 10kA ~ 20kA), tare da ragowar ƙarfin lantarki ≤1.2kV.

2. Sigogi na Tsarin Daidaitawa

• Matsakaicin ƙarfin lantarki mai ci gaba da aiki (Uc): Dole ne ya zama ≥1.15 sau ƙarfin lantarki na tsarin (misali, zaɓi Uc ≥440V don tsarin 380V) don guje wa abin da ke haifar da ƙarya saboda canjin ƙarfin lantarki.
   
• Matakin Kariyar Wutar Lantarki (Sama): Aji na I SPD: Sama ≤2.5kV
  Aji na II SPD: Sama ≤1.5kV
  Aji na III SPD: Sama da ≤1.2kV Tabbatar da sama da ≤80% na ƙarfin lantarki mai jurewa na kayan aiki.
     
• Lokacin Amsawa:
  Aji na I SPD: ≤25ns
  Aji na II SPD: ≤25ns
  Aji na III SPD: ≤1ns

3. Bukatun Gina Ƙasa da Shigarwa

• Juriyar Rufin Ƙasa: ≤4Ω (≤10Ω a wuraren da ke da juriya ga ƙasa), tare da ɓangaren giciye na mai jagoran rufin ƙasa ≥25mm².
• Wurin Shigarwa: Ba da fifiko ga kusanci da kayan aiki masu kariya, rage tsawon gubar (jimlar tsawon gubar ≤0.5m) don guje wa tarin ƙarfin lantarki da ke haifarwa.

II. Muhimman Abubuwan Da Ake Tunani
1. Zaɓin Nau'in SPD

• SPD Mai Canza Wutar Lantarki (GDT): Babban wutar lantarki mai fitarwa (≥100kA) amma haɗari suna biyo bayan katsewar wutar lantarki da wutar lantarki; ya dace kawai don kariyar Aji na I.
• SPD Mai Iyakance Wutar Lantarki (MOV): Ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai raguwa amma yana iya tsufa; yana buƙatar sa ido akai-akai.
• SPD Mai Haɗaka: Ya haɗa fa'idodin sauyawa da iyakance nau'ikan; an ba da shawarar don tsarin kariya mai matakai da yawa.

2. Daidaito Tsakanin Matakai

• Mafi ƙarancin tazara tsakanin SPDs na sama da na ƙasa: ≥10m (canzawa + iyakancewa) ko ≥5m (iyaka + iyakancewa); in ba haka ba, shigar da na'urorin cire haɗin.
• Tsarin daidaita makamashi: Babban SPD yana shan kashi 80% na makamashi, ƙaramin SPD yana shan kashi 20%.

3. Kariyar Ajiya

• Masu katse wutar lantarki ko fiyus masu haɗin kai (an ƙididdige wutar lantarki ≥1.5 sau SPD mai ci gaba da kwararar wutar lantarki) don hana haɓakar wutar lantarki ta gajeren lokaci.
• Zaɓi SPDs tare da alamun lalacewa don cirewa ta atomatik da ƙararrawa idan ya gaza.

4. Bukatun Musamman na Yanayi

• Tsarin TN-C: Yi amfani da yanayin 3+NPE ko 3P+N don guje wa haɗarin sake gina layin PEN.
• Tsarin TT: Shigar da SPD tsakanin layukan N da PE don hana yuwuwar sake dawowar bambanci.

III. Gwajin Tabbatar da Tsarin Zane
1. Gwajin Walƙiya Mai Ƙarfi: Tabbatar da ƙarfin juriyar SPD a ƙarƙashin yanayin waveform na 10/350μs (Aji na I) ko kuma ƙarfin lantarki da ya rage a ƙarƙashin yanayin waveform na 8/20μs (Aji na II/III).
2. Gwajin Daidaito na Zafi: Ci gaba da kwararar wutar lantarki na tsawon awanni 2 (50% na Imax), duba hauhawar zafin jiki ≤60K.
3. Kula da Lalacewa: Yi amfani da na'urori masu auna sigina don sa ido kan kwararar ruwa (ƙimar yau da kullun

IV. Kurakurai da Mafita da Aka Saba Yi  

Kuskure na 1: Yin watsi da nau'in ƙasa na tsarin, yana haifar da gazawar SPD.
Magani: Ga tsarin TN, zaɓi 3P+N; ga tsarin TT, zaɓi 3P+PE; ga tsarin IT, zaɓi 3P.
Kuskure na 2: Rashin isasshen tazara tsakanin matakai, wanda ke haifar da tsangwama tsakanin matakai.
Magani: A kiyaye ≥10m tsakanin SPDs na sama/ƙasa ko a sanya inductors masu haɗa kayan haɗin kai (≥1mH).
Kuskure na 3: Yin sakaci da kariyar kariya, haɗarin wuta bayan an yi amfani da na'urar SPD.
Magani: Fiyusoshin da aka haɗa a jere (wanda aka ƙididdige ƙarfin lantarki ≥1.5 sau SPD mai ci gaba da kwararar wutar lantarki).

Takaitaccen Bayani  
Zaɓin SPD yana buƙatar cikakken kimantawa game da ƙarfin lantarki na tsarin, haɗarin walƙiya, ƙarfin juriya ga kayan aiki, da yanayin shigarwa. Aji na I SPDs suna ba da fifiko ga ƙarfin fitarwa, yayin da Aji na II/III suna mai da hankali kan sarrafa ƙarfin lantarki da ya rage. SPDs na sigina dole ne su dace da nau'ikan hanyoyin sadarwa. Dubawa akai-akai (misali, kwararar ruwa, tsufa na zahiri) suna tabbatar da ingancin kariya na dogon lokaci.