Yadda Ake Zaɓar Mai Kare Juna (SPDs) Da Daidai.

Nawa ne nau'i-nau'i za a iya raba masu kare su zuwa rukuni-rukuni?

Nau'i na 1 (Nau'in Canja Wutar Lantarki)

• Aiki:
  Ana amfani da shi sosai don fitar da manyan kwararar ruwa (10/350μs) daga walƙiya kai tsaye ko kuma ta hanyar walƙiya.
  Yawanci ana amfani da shi a babban ƙofar rarraba wutar lantarki na gine-gine (yankin sauyawa daga LPZ0 zuwa LPZ1).
• Ka'idar Aiki:

Babban impedance a cikin yanayin al'ada: 

Idan babu ƙaruwa, SPD yana cikin yanayin rashin ƙarfi, ba ya shafar da'irar.
Ƙananan impaction lokacin da aka kunna:

Idan ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya wuce iyakar (misali, 4kV), bututun fitar da iskar gas na ciki (GDT) ko gibin walƙiya zai lalace, yana samar da hanyar da ba ta da ƙarfi don fitar da kwararar ruwa ta dubun kA nan take.
Kashewa na gaba: Bayan ruwan ya ɓace, GDT zai dawo da yanayin juriya mai ƙarfi ta hanyar murmurewa da kansa.

• Babban Kayan Aiki:

Bututun Fitar da Iskar Gas (GDT):Yana aiki ta hanyar ionization na iskar gas mara aiki.
Gilashin walƙiya:Yana fitar da iska ta hanyar lalata iska, tare da ƙarfin sarrafa wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi (zai iya wuce 100kA).

Nau'i 2 (Nau'in Iyakance Wutar Lantarki)

• Aiki:

Yana kare shi daga walƙiyar da aka haifar da kuma sauya ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa (nau'in waveform 8/20μs).

Ana amfani da shi a cikin allunan rarrabawa.

• Ka'idar Aiki:

Siffar rashin daidaituwa mara layi: 

Lokacin da ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya tashi, ƙarfin varistor na ciki (MOV) yana raguwa sosai, yana matse ƙarfin wutar zuwa matakin aminci (misali, Sama ≤ 1.5kV).

Ci gaba da fitarwa: 

MOV ɗin zai iya fitar da matsakaicin kwararar ruwa akai-akai (20-40kA), amma yawan kwararar ruwa na iya rage aikinsa.

• Babban Bangare:

Na'urar Haɗakar Oxide (MOV):Ya ƙunshi ƙwayoyin zinc oxide (ZnO), na'urar semiconductor mai saurin amsawa ga ƙarfin lantarki.

Nau'i na 3 (Kariya Mai Haɗaka ko Mai Kyau)

• aiki

Amsa mai sauri:Yana amfani da diodes na TVS ko haɗin MOV+TVS tare da lokacin amsawa ≤1ns.

Ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai ƙarancin ƙarfi (misali, Sama ≤ 0.8kV), yana tabbatar da amincin kayan aiki masu mahimmanci.

Babban ɓangaren:

Diode na Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki na Wucin Gadi (TVS):Yana amfani da tasirin PN junction avalanche don amsawa cikin sauri amma yana da iyakataccen ƙarfin sarrafa wutar lantarki (

Zaɓar na'urar kariya mai ƙarfi (SPD) da ta dace yana da matuƙar muhimmanci. Ta yaya ya kamata ka zaɓi ɗaya don yanayi daban-daban?

1.Bayyana Bukatun Kariya

1.1 Gano Tushen Ruwa

Walƙiya kai tsaye (misali, bugun gini):  Yana buƙatar nau'in SPD na 1 (10/350μs siffar waveform).

Walƙiya da aka haifar ko kuma canza wutar lantarki mai yawa (misali, canjin grid, fara aiki/kashe kayan aiki): Yana buƙatar nau'in SPD na 2 ko Nau'in 3 (8/20μs siffar waveform).

1.2 Tantance Yankunan Kariya (LPZ)

LPZ0 → LPZ1 zone (misali, babban ƙarfin lantarki):

 Nau'in 1 ko Nau'in 1+2 na SPD mai haɗaka.

LPZ1 → LPZ2 zone (misali, panel ɗin rarraba bene):

SPD na Nau'i na 2.

LPZ2 → LPZ3 zone (misali, kayan aiki na gaba):

Nau'i na 3 ko daidaitaccen SPD.

2.Zaɓin Maɓallin Maɓalli

2.1Matsakaicin Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki Mai Ci Gaba (Uc)

2.1.1 Dole ne ya zama mafi girma fiye da ƙarfin lantarki da tsarin ya ƙayyade (misali, ga tsarin 385V, zaɓi Uc ≥ 385V).

2.2.2 Bayani game da canjin grid (±10~20%).

2.2Matakin Kariyar Wutar Lantarki (Sama)

2.2.1 Lower Up yana ba da kariya mafi kyau amma dole ne ya dace da ƙarfin juriya na kayan aikin da aka kare.

2.2.2 Dokar gabaɗaya: Sama da kashi 80% na ƙarfin lantarki na kayan aiki (misali, idan kayan aiki zasu iya ɗaukar 2.5kV, zaɓi Sama ≤ 2.0kV).

2.3 Ƙarfin Gudanar da Yanzu (A / Imax)

• Nau'i na 1: A cikin ≥ 12.5kA (10/350μs siffar waveform).
• Nau'i na 2: Babban ɓangaren rarrabawa: Imax ≥ 40kA (8/20μs).

Ƙungiyar rarrabawa ta ƙasa: Imax ≥ 20kA (8/20μs).

• Nau'i na 3: A cikin ≥ 5kA (haɗin raƙuman ruwa).

2.4 Lokacin Amsawa

SPDs na yau da kullun: ≤25ns.

Don kayan aiki masu daidaito, zaɓi zaɓuɓɓuka masu sauri (misali, diodes na TVS, ≤1ns).

3.Zaɓi ta Yanayin Aikace-aikace

3.1Tsarin Samar da Wutar Lantarki

3.1.1 Babban Faifan Rarrabawa: Nau'in SPD mai haɗaka 1+2 (misali, Imax = 100kA, Sama ≤ 2.5kV).

3.1.2 Ƙungiyar Rarrabawa ta Ƙasa: Nau'in SPD na 2 (misali, Imax = 40kA, Sama ≤ 1.8kV).

3.1.3 Ƙarshen Kayan Aiki: Nau'i na 3 ko SPD da aka ɗora a soket (misali, Sama ≤ 1.2kV).

3.2 Layukan Sigina/Sadarwa

3.2.1 Yi amfani da SPDs na siginar da aka keɓe, nau'ikan hanyoyin sadarwa masu dacewa (misali, RJ45, RS485).

Kula da saurin watsawa da asarar sakawa (idan kuna amfani da hanyar sadarwa ta Gigabit, zaɓi samfurin da ya dace da mita mai yawa)

3.Tsarin PV/DC guda 3

Zaɓi DC SPDs tare da ƙarfin wutar lantarki na Uc ≥ 1.2 × na tsarin.