Hanyoyi Biyar na Kariya na Masu Kare Ruwa
Hanyoyi don Kariyar Kari
1. Na'urorin Kariya Masu Juyawa a Layi (SPDs) da aka Haɗa a Layukan Wutar Lantarki
A cikin yanayi na yau da kullun, varistors ɗin da ke cikin kariyar girgiza suna kasancewa cikin yanayin juriya mai ƙarfi. Lokacin da walƙiya ta buge grid ɗin wutar lantarki ko kuma ta fuskanci girgizar wucin gadi saboda ayyukan sauyawa, kariyar tana amsawa cikin daƙiƙa kaɗan, wanda ke sa varistors su canza zuwa yanayin juriya mai ƙarancin ƙarfi, suna hanzarta matse overvoltage zuwa matakin aminci. Idan tsawan lokaci ko ƙarfin lantarki ya faru, varistor ɗin zai lalace kuma ya yi zafi, yana haifar da hanyar haɗin zafi don hana gobara da kare kayan aiki.
2. Kariyar Tace-Tsarin Tace-Tsarin da aka Haɗa a layi tare da Da'irorin Wuta
Waɗannan masu kariya suna ba da ƙarfi mai tsabta da aminci ga kayan aikin lantarki masu hankali. Walƙiya ba wai kawai tana ɗauke da babban makamashi ba, har ma da ƙarfin lantarki mai ƙarfi da ƙimar hauhawar halin yanzu. Duk da cewa SPDs masu layi ɗaya na iya danne girman ƙaruwar ƙarfin lantarki, ba za su iya daidaita gaban raƙuman ruwa masu kaifi ba. SPDs masu nau'in matattara, waɗanda aka haɗa su a layi ɗaya da da'irar wutar lantarki, suna amfani da MOVs (MOV1, MOV2) don matse ƙarfin lantarki a cikin nanosecs. Bugu da ƙari, matattara ta LC tana rage ƙarfin lantarki da ƙimar ƙaruwar wutar lantarki da kusan sau 1,000 kuma tana rage ƙarfin lantarki da ya rage sau biyar, tana kare na'urori masu hankali.
3. Shigar da Masu Rarraba Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki Tsakanin Matakai da Layuka Don Iyaka Ƙarfin Wutar Lantarki
Wannan hanyar tana aiki da kyau ga haske, lif, na'urorin sanyaya iska, da injina, waɗanda ke da ƙarfin juriya ga girgiza. Duk da haka, ba ta da tasiri sosai ga na'urorin lantarki na zamani masu haɗaka sosai. Misali, a cikin tsarin AC na 220V na lokaci ɗaya, yawanci ana shigar da varistors tsakanin tsaka-tsaki da ƙasa don shan walƙiyar walƙiya da aka haifar. Ingancin kariya ya dogara gaba ɗaya akan zaɓin varistor da amincinsa.
An saita ƙarfin matsewa bisa ga ƙarfin wutar lantarki na grid (310V), wanda ke lissafin:
- Canje-canje a cikin grid na 20%,
- Juriyar kashi 10% na sassan,
- Abubuwan aminci 15% (tsufa, danshi, zafi).
Saboda haka, matakan matsewa na yau da kullun suna farawa daga 470V zuwa 510V. Hawan da ke ƙasa da 470V yana wucewa ba tare da wani tasiri ba.
Duk da cewa kayan aikin lantarki na yau da kullun (misali, injina, hasken wuta) na iya jure wa 1,500V AC (kololuwar 2,500V), na'urorin lantarki na zamani suna aiki a ±5V zuwa ±15V, tare da matsakaicin juriya a ƙasa da 50V. Ƙarar mita mai yawa a ƙasa da 470V har yanzu suna iya haɗuwa ta hanyar ƙarfin parasitic a cikin na'urorin canza wutar lantarki da kayan wutar lantarki, wanda ke lalata ICs. Bugu da ƙari, saboda ƙarfin lantarki na varistor da kuma inductance na gubar, ƙaruwar ƙarfi na iya tura matakan matsewa zuwa 800V–1,000V, wanda ke ƙara haɗarin lantarki.
4. Inganta Kariya ta amfani da na'urorin canza wurin zama na Ultra-Nesolation (Hanyar keɓewa)
Ana saka na'urar canza wutar lantarki mai kariya tsakanin tushen wutar lantarki da kaya don toshe hayaniya mai yawan mita yayin da ake ba da damar yin amfani da na'urar ta biyu. Tsangwama ta yanayi ta gama gari, wacce ta danganta da ƙasa, tana haɗuwa ta hanyar ƙarfin da ke tsakanin na'urorin. Garkuwar ƙasa tsakanin na'urorin farko da na sakandare tana karkatar da wannan tsangwama, tana rage hayaniyar fitarwa.
5. Hanyar Sha
Abubuwan da ke sha suna danne hauhawar jini ta hanyar canzawa daga babban juriya zuwa ƙarancin ƙarfin lantarki lokacin da aka wuce ƙarfin ma'auni. Na'urori na yau da kullun sun haɗa da:
- Varistors – Iyakance ƙarfin sarrafa wutar lantarki.
- Bututun Fitar da Iskar Gas (GDTs)– Amsa a hankali.
- TVS Diodes / Bututun Fitar da Ruwa Mai Sauƙi – Da sauri amma tare da musayar ra'ayi a cikin shan makamashi.
