Kariyar Walƙiya ta PV-Mataki na Tsarin: Dalilin da yasa SPD yake da mahimmanci

Ba zan taɓa mantawa da ranar da walƙiya ɗaya ta share watanni shida na ragin da aka samu a wani wurin samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfin MW 5 a Arizona ba. Haske ɗaya ya lalata inverters 42—kuma ƙarin Q4 ɗinmu ya ɓace tare da su. Wannan lamari ya canza yadda nake tsara kowane shafi.

Na'urorin kariya na karuwa (SPDs) sune kawai hanya mafi inganci don toshe kuzarin walƙiya daga tafiya ta cikin igiyoyin DC da akwatunan haɗa AC.Yanzu ina sanya su a duk ƙarshen kowace hanyar sadarwa ta kebul. Tun daga lokacin, buƙatun inshora na sun ragu zuwa sifili.

Idan kana da wutar lantarki fiye da kW 500 na hasken rana, ci gaba da karatu. Zan nuna maka daidai hanyar da nake zaɓa, sanyawa, da siyan SPDs don haka yajin aiki ya zama ba zai yiwu ba.

 SPD Ba Na'urar da ke Keɓe Kai Ba ce a ciki Tsarin LPS na PV

Na kan ɗauki SPDs kamar fis masu kyau—na ɗaure su, na matse su, sannan na kira su da rana. Wannan ya ƙare bayan wani hari kai tsaye da na yi ya wuce SPDs guda uku da aka “keɓe” kuma har yanzu ina soya PC dina mai lura da ni. Wannan gazawar ta sake daidaita tunanina har abada.

SPD abu ɗaya ne kawai a cikin cikakken bayani Tsarin Kariyar Walƙiya (LPS).Dole ne ya yi aiki da haɗin kai, kariya, da kuma ƙasa don haka dukkan tsarin ya tashi ya faɗi tare yayin da ake samun ƙaruwa. Wannan ba ka'ida ba ce—wannan gaskiya ce ta filin.

Me yasa tunanin "keɓe kai" SPD ya gaza

Walƙiya ba ta damu da takardun bayanai ba—tana bin hanyoyin hana motsi. Lokacin da na ɗora 1000 V SPD a cikin wani katafaren filastik ba tare da farantin baya na ƙarfe ba, bugun ya karkata zuwa ga sukurori mafi kusa kuma ya sami hanyarsa ta zuwa MLPE dina. SPD ya mayar da martani daidai, amma SPD ya mayar da martani daidai, tsarinya gaza saboda katangar ta yi iyo a 40 kV na 3 µs.

Ga abin da nake dagewa a kai yanzu ga kowane aiki:

1. An haɗa ƙarfe a cikin sandar ƙasa iri ɗaya da inverter.

2. Tsawon gubar ƙasa da mita 0.5 a layi da ƙasa.

3.A zoben tagulla mai siffar AWG guda 6 da aka haɗa a kowane firam ɗin module.

Waɗannan matakan suna kashe ƙasa da $12 ga kowace layi—amma sun rage kiran da na yi wa shafina da kashi 80%.

Sarka mai sassa huɗu da kowanne mai duba ke son gani

Ina tabbatar da abubuwa huɗu kafin kamfanin ya rufe haɗin:

1. Tashar jiragen sama sama da mafi girman mai bin diddigin.

2. Mai haɗa na'urar saukar da ƙasa zuwa grid ɗin ƙasa na 5 Ω.

3. Haɗa dukkan sassan ƙarfe cikin sauƙi.

4. SPDs akan layin DC, AC, da sigina—kowannensu yana da haɗin zafi da IP66.

Ku rasa hanyar haɗi ɗaya, za ku sami alamar ja. Yanzu ina ɗaukar hoto kowane mataki kuma in haɗa shi da maƙallin O&M. Bankuna suna son takardun—kuma sharuɗɗan biyan kuɗi na sun ragu daga kwana 60 zuwa 21.

Yadda Ake Zaɓi SPD Mai Dacewa Don Shigar da PV ɗinku

A watan Yunin da ya gabata, wani mai samar da kayayyaki ya tura ni zuwa ga na'urorin V 600 masu "araha da farin ciki" don igiyar V 1000. Makonni biyu bayan haka, wani yajin aiki na kusa ya dafa MOVs ɗin - kuma garantin inverter ɗin ya lalace. Na ɗauki asarar kuma na gina wannan jerin abubuwan da aka lissafa don kada ya sake faruwa.

Ina daidaita dabi'u uku ga kowane wuri: matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki na DC, wutar lantarki ta ɗan gajeren lokaci, da matakin fallasa walƙiya.Sai na zaɓi SPD mai Uc aƙalla 20% sama da Voc da Iimp na 12.5 kA (10/350 µs) ko sama da haka.

Matsayin ƙarfin lantarki: ƙa'idar 1200 V

Ina auna Voc a safiyar da ta fi sanyi a shekara kuma in ƙara 20%. A Denver sakamakon ya kasance 1080 V, don haka na koma 1 200 V SPD. Ajiye $4 ta hanyar zaɓar 1 000 V ba shi da amfani—gujewa ɗaya yana kashe fiye da SPD 500.

Ƙimar da ake da ita a yanzu: dalilin da yasa 6.25 kA bai isa ba ga manyan gonaki

NEC 690 yana buƙatar 6.25 kA kawai (8/20 µs), amma manyan gonakin PV suna fuskantar abubuwan da suka faru da bugun jini da yawa. Ina auna Iimp ta amfani da wannan tebur:

Rage darajar ya ninka kusan dala $9 a kowace naúrar—amma kamfanin inshorar na ya rage kudin da kashi 15%. Wannan rangwamen guda ɗaya ya rufe farashin SPD a wurin da ke da karfin MW 6.

Cire haɗin zafi da siginar nesa

Na taɓa rasa igiyar 75 kW saboda wani MOV ya yi zafi sosai kuma ya kama da wuta. Yanzu ina siyan SPDs ne kawai tare da haɗin zafi da ƙararrawa mai bushewa. Ina haɗa shi da SCADA don ƙungiyar ta sami sanarwa kafin warin robobin da ya ƙone ya isa maƙwabta.

Mahimman ...

Na taɓa kallon ma'aikata suna hawa SPDs a kan ƙofarna kabad ɗin inverter. Radiyoyin mita 1 sun yi kama da eriya kuma har yanzu yajin aikin ya shiga motar DC. Na ƙare na sake haɗa wayoyi da kaina - kuma na rubuta waɗannan ƙa'idodi don hana sake faruwa.

A ajiye jakunkunan lantarki a ƙasa da mita 0.5, a haɗa layin juyawa da ƙasa, sannan a ɗora SPDs a kan farantin ƙarfe ɗaya da inverter.Wannan yana sa ƙarfin lantarki na rage gudu ya kasance ƙasa da V 600—mai lafiya ga na'urorin semiconductors 1 200 V.

Wuri, wuri, wuri

Ina sanya DC SPDs a cikin akwatin haɗawa, ba a kan inverter ba. Wannan yana rage tsawon gubar zuwa santimita 25. A gefen AC, ina sanya SPD a cikin panel ɗin karya kaya kai tsaye bayan babban breaker - yana kare inverter da mitar samun kuɗi.

Tsarin ƙasa wanda ke aiki a zahiri

Haɗa tashar ƙasa ta SPD zuwa sandar jan ƙarfe iri ɗaya da chassis ɗin inverter. Yi amfani da waya mai ƙarfin juyi na 16 mm² zuwa 20 Nm, sannan a yi amfani da jan ƙarfe mai ƙarfin juyi na 50 mm² kai tsaye zuwa sandar ƙasa. Dole ne juriya daga SPD zuwa ƙasa ta kasance

Ina ɗaukar hoton karatun micro-ohmmeter—yana kawar da muhawara da injiniyoyi masu zaɓe.

Hatimin yanayi da kariyar UV

A Indiya a zafin da ke ƙasa da digiri 45 na Celsius, wani IP20 SPD ya yi launin rawaya kuma ya fashe cikin watanni shida. Yanzu na ƙayyade wuraren rufewa na IP66 da glandar UV mai karko. Ƙarin $3 a kowace naúra ya fi rahusa fiye da helikwafta zuwa wurin hamada.

Jimlar lokacin shigarwa bai kai minti shida a kowace layi ba, don haka aikin ya kasance ƙasa da $4. Wannan yana sa tayin EPC dina ya yi kyau kuma PM dina ya yi farin ciki.

Nau'ikan SPD da Ƙimar da aka Ba da Shawara don Tsarin PV

Ina ajiye ƙaramin takardar yaudara a cikin ma'ajiyar kayana. Yana hana ni yin tunani fiye da kima lokacin da wakilin tallace-tallace ya ɗaga ƙasida mai sheƙi.

Ga igiyoyin PV ≤ 1 500 V, na ƙayyade Nau'in 1+2, 1 200 V Uc, 50 kA Iimp, IP66, tare da haɗin zafi.
Ga 480 V AC, ina amfani da 600 V Uc tare da 100 kA Imax saboda abincin da ake amfani da shi yana da tauri.

Jerin sunayen samfuran da aka tabbatar da su a fagen aiki

Ina da nau'in 50 kA don kashi 90% na ayyukan yi. Idan wurin yana bakin teku a Florida, zan tashi zuwa 100 kA. Lokacin da zan samu aiki daga masana'antata shine kwanaki 12, kuma kowace na'ura tana ɗauke da rahoton gwaji da takardar shaidar UL 1449 CB. Wannan takardar tana share kwastam a Hamburg, Los Angeles, da Mumbai ba tare da ƙarin tambayoyi ba.

Lambobin sassa na musamman don manyan OEMs

Lokacin da wani kamfanin EPC na Jamus ya buƙaci samfurin 1 500 V tare da na'urorin haɗi na MC4, mun gina shi cikin kwana bakwai. Mun ƙara lambar serial mai lambar bar don su iya duba kowace na'ura zuwa SAP. MOQ ɗin ya kai guda 200 kacal, kuma farashin ya kai $1.20. Sun adana $8,000 a cikin aikin gona, don haka aikin da aka saba yi ya biya kansa a kan jigilar kaya ta farko.

Inda Za a Sayi Ingancin SPDs Don Kariyar PV ta Rana

Na taɓa saya daga wani ɗan kasuwa a Shenzhen wanda ya yi alƙawarin "UL gobe." Takardar shaidar ba ta zo ba, kuma akwatina ya zauna a Oakland na tsawon makonni biyar. Yanzu ina samowa kai tsaye daga masana'anta - kuma rayuwa ta fi sauƙi.

Ina siyan SPDs kai tsaye daga masana'antar Leikexing da ke Wenzhou.Suna da fayil ɗin UL, suna gudanar da gwaje-gwajen tsufa 100%, kuma suna bayar da jigilar EXW ko DDP. Ina samun garanti na watanni 24 da kayan gyara 2% akan kowane oda.

Me yasa na tsallake Alibaba don manyan oda

Alibaba ya dace da samfura—ba don oda na dala $80,000 ba. Ina tashi zuwa Wenzhou, na duba masana'antar mai fadin murabba'in mita 2,000, na cika sharuddan QC, sannan na sanya hannu kan kwangilar firam. Wannan tafiyar ta dala $900 tana tabbatar da wadatar kayayyaki da farashi mai inganci na tsawon watanni 18.

Sharuɗɗan biyan kuɗi waɗanda ke kare ɓangarorin biyu

Ina aiki da kashi 30% na rangwame da kashi 70% na rangwamen da aka yi min. Bayan oda ta ta biyu, sun amince da sharuɗɗan. Don samun bashi, suna buɗewa har zuwa dala miliyan 1 da zarar adadin shekara ya wuce dala dubu 200—a rabin ribar bankina.

Zaɓuɓɓukan jigilar kayayyaki da nake amfani da su

Don samun ayyukan yi a Texas, ina yin booking na FCL zuwa Houston. Ga abokan cinikin Jamus, ina zaɓar jirgin ƙasa zuwa Duisburg kuma in share kwastan EU cikin awanni. Ko ta yaya, ƙungiyar jigilar kaya tana aiko min da sa ido kan GPS da kuma shigar da kwastam kafin kwantena ta iso. Ina tura wannan bayanan ga abokin cinikina, kuma ina kama da jarumi ba tare da taɓa fakiti ba.

Kammalawa

Kada ka jira guguwar da za ta biyo baya ta yanke shawara kan kasafin kuɗin kula da lafiyarka.
Ka yi wa kanka jagora zuwa Leikexingdon farashin OEM, samfuran V 1 500, ko cikakken ƙimar PV SPD.
Imel ɗaya zai iya adana shafin yanar gizonku $20,000 a taron walƙiya na gaba—bari mu ci gaba da samun kuɗi daga injin samar da hasken rana, ba ƙonewa ba.

Tambayoyin da ake yawan yi akai-akai

1. Menene Na'urar Kare Kai ta PV Surge?

Na'urar Kare Tsarin Hasken Rana (PV Surge) tana kare tsarin hasken rana daga matsanancin ƙarfin lantarki na ɗan lokaci wanda walƙiya ko abubuwan da ke faruwa a lokacin sauyawa suka haifar.

2. Me yasa kariyar hasken rana take da mahimmanci ga tsarin PV?

Kariyar hasken rana tana hana lalacewar inverter, lalacewar igiyar DC, da asarar wutar lantarki, wanda ke tabbatar da amincin tsarin na dogon lokaci.

3. Shin ina buƙatar na'urorin kariya na DC da AC don amfani da hasken rana?

Eh. A Na'urar Kariyar DC Surge don hasken rana yana kare gefen jerin PV, yayin da Na'urar Kariyar AC Surge don hasken rana Yana kare fitarwar inverter da haɗin grid.

4. Yaushe ya kamata in yi amfani da Na'urar Kariya ta Nau'in 1+2?

A Nau'in 1+2 SPD ana ba da shawarar lokacin da aka fallasa tsarin PV ga walƙiya kai tsaye ko kusa, yana ba da kariya ta haɗin gwiwa a cikin na'ura ɗaya.

5. Me yasa IEC 61643 yake da mahimmanci don kariyar walƙiya ta PV?

The Na'urar Kariyar Kariya ta IEC 61643 ma'aunin yana tabbatar da cewa SPD ta cika buƙatun aminci da aiki na duniya don shigarwar PV.